Two Anecdotes of Helen Jewett, a Girl of the Town

Helen Jewett was a girl of the town (which is to say a prostitute) who was murdered with a hatchet in New York in 1836. The case made a sensation in the newspapers of the time, and a nameless printer (nameless to avoid arrest on obscenity charges, since merely mentioning prostitution could get an author and printer in a heap of trouble) came out with a little book to capitalize on the widespread interest:

An Authentic Biography of the Late Helen Jewett. a girl of the town, who was murdered on the 10th of April, 1836: together with a full and accurate account of the circumstances connected with that event. By a gentleman fully acquainted with her history. New York: 1836.

Aside from the gruesome details of the murder, what seems to have given the case such interest was the character of the victim. She was remarkable for her quick wit; more recent readers may be reminded of Mae West. Here are two stories from that little book that illustrate the kind of woman Helen Jewett was.


Upon one occasion, at a house in this city where she was boarding, she had a quarrel with a foolish fellow who frequented the house. He got exceedingly angry, and drawing a pistol, presented it to her breast. Without being in the least agitated, she instantly struck the pistol from his hand, and with her bright eyes flashing fire, in tones calm and clear, indicative of the strongest contempt, she said to him, “You poor contemptible libel upon manhood! You have done what would disgrace the meanest coward that walks the street. You must see, therefore, the necessity of making an immediate apology for such brutal conduct.” Her opponent declared he would do no such thing. “Then,” said Helen, “you must see the necessity I am under of pulling your nose.” Suiting the action to the word, she took the gentleman’s proboscis in her fingers, and tweaked it in no gentle style. (Page 9.)


She was once up before one of our Courts as a witness in a case in which the woman with whom she boarded was a party. The counsel, Mr. F. J., who cross-examined her, asked her a number of impertinent and irrelevant questions, and among the rest, whether there were not many gentlemen in the habit of visiting the house.

“Yes.”

“Well, what did they visit the house for?”

“To see the girls.”

“But what did they want of the girls?”

“I believe there is no one better qualified than yourself to answer that question, as I have observed you frequently among our visitors: will you be so kind as to save me the trouble of answering the question, and communicate to the Court your own experience upon the subject.”—The learned counsel concluded he had caught a Tartar, and backed out of the scrape, though with rather a bad grace. (Page 10.)

How to Write to Anybody Who Matters

From a book of useful knowledge for young ladies printed in 1815, here is a list of proper forms of address for any important person you might wish to write to, all the way down to the ones who are only “worshipful” by virtue of their offices.


Superscriptions for Letters.

To the King’s Most Excellent Majesty.

To the Queen’s Most Excellent Majesty.

To the Prince. To his Royal Highness, &c.

To the Princess. To her Royal Highness, &c.

To Archbishops. To his Grace the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury; or, To the most Reverend Father in God, &c.

To Bishops. To the Right Reverend Father in God, &c.

To Deacons, Archdeacons, &c. To the Reverend A — B — , D. D. Dean of W—.

To the inferior Clergy. To the Rev. Mr. A — , &c. or, To the Rev. Doctor, &c.

To the great Officers of State. To the Right Honourable R— Lord H— , Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. Lord President of the Council. Lord Privy Seal. One of his Majesty’s principal Secretaries of State, &c.

To temporal Lords. To his Grace the Duke of, &c. To the most Honourable the Marquis of, &c. To the Right Honourable the Earl of, &c. To the Right Honourable the Lord Viscount, &c. To the Right Honourable the Lord, &c.

The eldest sons of Dukes, Marquises, and Earls, enjoy, by the courtesy of England, the second title belonging to their father: thus the eldest son of the Duke of Bedford, is called Marquis of Tavistock; of the Duke of Grafton, Earl of Euston; of the Earl of Macclesfield, Lord Viscount Parker, &c. and their daughters are called Ladies, with the addition of their Christian and Surname; thus, Lady Caroline Russel, Lady Augusta Fitzroy, Lady Betty Parker, &c.

The younger sons of Dukes are in like manner called Lords; and those of Marquises and Earls, together with all the children of Viscounts and Barons, are styled Honourable.

To a Baronet, Honourable; to a Knight, Right Worshipful; to an Esquire, Worshipful.

Every Privy Counsellor, though not a nobleman, has the title of Right Honourable.

All Ambassadors have the style of Excellency; as hath also the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and the Captain General of his Majesty’s forces.

The Lord Mayor of London, during his mayoralty, has the title of Right Honourable; and the Sheriffs, during that office, have the title of Right Worshipful.

All Mayors of Corporations have the title of Esquires during their office.

For the Beginning of Letters.

To the King. Sire, or, May it please your Majesty.

To the Queen. Madam, or, May it please your Majesty.

To the Prince. Sir, or. May it please your Royal Highness.

To the Princess. Madam, or, May it please your Royal Highness.

To a Duke. My Lord, or, May it please your Grace.

To a Duchess. Madam, or, May it please your Grace.

To an Archbishop. May it please your Grace.

To a Marquis. My Lord, or, May it please your Lordship.

To a Marchioness. Madam, or, May it please your Ladyship.

To an Earl, Viscount, or Baron. My Lord, or, May it please your Lordship.

To their Consorts. Madam, or, May it please your Ladyship.

To a Bishop. My Lord, or, May it please your Lordship.

To a Knight. Sir, or, May it please your Worship.

To his Lady. Madam, or, May it please your Ladyship.

To a Mayor, Justice of Peace, Esquire, &c. Sir, or, May it please your Worship.

To the Clergy. Reverend Sir; Mr. Dean; Mr. Archdeacon; Sir, &c. as circumstances may require.

At subscribing your name, conclude with the same title you began with ; as, My Lord, your Lordship’s, &c.

To either House of Parliament, to Commissioners, and Bodies Corporate.

To the Right Honourable the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament assembled.

To the Honourable the Knights, Citizens, and Burgesses, in Parliament assembled.

To the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, or Admiralty.

To the Honourable the Commissioners of his Majesty’s Customs; Revenue of the Excise, &c.

To the Right Worshipful the Governors of Christ’s Hospital.

To the Master, Wardens, and Court of Assistants, of the Worshipful Company of Drapers.

——The Female Instructor; or, Young Woman’s Companion. Liverpool: Nuttall, Fischer, and Dixon, [1815].

Language of Postage Stamps

Victorians delighted in piling significance on the most insignificant things. The “language of flowers” still keeps a tenuous currency among certain young women of the more ethereal sort, but the language of postage stamps has been mostly forgotten. If you have old cards and letters with stamps affixed at odd angles in odd places, now you know why.


The language of a postage stamp is not always the same. It depends how it is placed on an envelope as to its significance. When a postage stamp has been placed upside down on the left corner of the letter, it means, “I love you;” on the same crosswise, “My heart is another’s;” straight up and down, “Good-bye, sweetheart, goodbye;” upside down in the right-hand corner, “Write no more;” in the centre at the top, “Yes;” opposite at the bottom, “No;” on the right-hand corner at a right angle, “Do you love me?” in the left-hand corner, “1 hate you;” top corner on the right, “I wish your friendship;” bottom corner on the left, “I seek your acquaintance;” on a line with the surname, “Accept my love;” the same upside down, “I am engaged;” at a right angle in the same place, “I long to see you;” in the middle of the right-hand edge, “Write immediately.”

——Our Lady’s Book, from the R. H. McDonald Drug Company, 1891.